The problem of antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) pollution in the environment has become one of the most severe public health ...

Genetic change plays a critical role in the adaptation and evolution of bacteria. By acquiring new genes and traits, bacteria ...

The presence of mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids, transposons, and integrons, greatly enhances the frequency of HGT.

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms have developed genetic mechanisms by which they can evolve to adapt to and meet the challenges thrown at them by a changing environment. One process by which ...

Although the idea of genes had been around for many years, it was not until the 1950s that the chemical nature and structure of DNA and its function as hereditary material were identified. This page ...