Bypass pipes, accompanied by a three-way control valve, are often seen in hydronic systems at both served loads (e.g., reheat coils) as well as at primary equipment (e.g., cooling towers). Reasons for ...

New research has improved control of slack line flow in steep slope liquids pipelines, whether during commissioning, steady operations, or in the wake of an accident. New research has improved control ...

In pressure relief systems, accurately estimating temperature changes during fluid flow is vital for relief piping ...

Once pulverized coal flows have been measured, they can be balanced and optimized. Until then, tuning is simply guesswork. The right way to balance furnace fuel flows is to establish solid baseline ...

Many homeowners notice that plumbing noise becomes more prominent at night. Sounds such as knocking, ticking, banging, humming, or rushing water often seem louder when the building is quiet. While ...