Musk has been able to play off Tesla's struggles for over a year now because the stock has been astonishingly resilient. Neither political gaffe nor falling deliveries has knocked Tesla off its upward trajectory, but Monday's selloff may be a sign of a changing sentiment.

Mr. Musk’s involvement in politics and his financial support for the president’s campaign were once seen by investors as a benefit to Tesla, fueling a steep rise in company shares after the election last year. That association has now turned into a liability. Tesla shares are down 40 percent from their peak in December.